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    November 26

    Ram-a-lamb-a-ding-dong

    畜牧

    Ram-a-lamb-a-ding-dong

    寻找长寿的羊精子

    若要令母牛或母猪受孕,没有必要兴师动众将公牛或公猪运来。牛和猪的精子可以不借助它的“工厂”——睾丸的帮助而自行进入子宫,因为农民会使用化学药剂令精子的活性延长。但是对于公羊的精子就不能如法炮制了。射精后,公羊的精子只能存活610个小时;所以,威尔士的种羊无法轻易地令远在苏格兰的母羊受精,除非与对方“亲密接触”。

    英国负责农业的相关部门——环境食品农村事务部(DEFRA)打算扭转这一情形。自5年前口蹄疫在英国爆发以来,环境食品农村事务部尽了最大努力以减少农场间牲畜的长途运输。该部门(DEFRA)也打算监测某些基因的不断扩散,这些基因来自英国本地公羊中一小部分对痒病具有抗性的羊群。痒病是一种类似牛海绵状脑病,即众所周知的疯牛病的羊患疾病。人工育种公司对扩大各自的市场也明显抱有高度的兴趣。因此,政府和企业共同委任动物研究所(伦敦)的瑞亚诺劳埃德(Rhiannon Lloyd)和比尔霍尔特(Bill Holt)二位博士寻找解决之道。

    先将精子冷冻待运抵后解冻,这不是个好办法。因为,母羊的子宫颈形状特殊,不便于利用传统方法将弯弯曲曲的管子伸入其子宫。如果要使用解冻后的精子,就必须经由母羊的肠壁将精子直接注入子宫,这样不仅需要进行局部麻醉而且也要耗费大量的解冻精子。而且,这可能也会令母羊感到相当不适。

    两位博士打算另辟蹊径。他们正在观察具有天然长寿精子的物种如何完成交配。例如,雌性蝙蝠能将具有活力的精子保存在体内达数月之久。蝾螈也是如此。另外,曾有一条母鲨鱼在笼养六年之后生产。

    迄今为止,两位研究人员已经确定了一种颇有希望的混合蛋白,并冠以一个晦涩难懂的名字——sAPM。该物质能够令公羊的精子寿命延长数小时。他们希望对sAPM进行改良以增强其功效。但是具体的细节还未公开,因为他们的资助方并不希望对外界透露太多。

    http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8314063

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